Driving Restrictions per State

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Vision restrictions for noncommercial driving licensing vary from state to state. [1] The table below provides a summary of the restrictions on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual field degrees for each state. This content is primarily obtained from each state’s department of motor vehicles agency and is current at time of publication. Please note that this information is subject to change.

Contents

• 1 Disease Entity
  • 1.1 Disease
  • 1.2 Epidemiology
  • 1.3 Non-Commercial Driving Requirements per State
  • 1.4 Additional Resources
  • 1.5 References

  Disease Entity

  Disease

  Epidemiology

  

  Courtesy: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NEI/NIH)

  

  Courtesy: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NEI/NIH)

  
  Prevalence of low vision increases with age, according to 2010 U.S. data obtained by the NIH. [2] Black and Hispanic populations have a higher prevalence of low vision than White populations, and this difference becomes more pronounced after the age of 80. The total number of people in the U.S. affected by low vision is expected to rise over the next 30 years for all ethnicities. [2] Consequently, there will be a greater need for low vision information and services in the U.S. over the next several decades.

  Non-Commercial Driving Requirements per State

  Absolute Low Vision BCVA Cut Off (Snellen)

  Visual Field degrees

  Restrictions and Other Information

  20/40 in each eye or with both eyes together [7]

  20/70 using both eyes or 20/50 using one eye [8]

  70° temporal and 35° nasal in at least one eye [8]

  If BCVA is between 20/40 and 20/50 in the better seeing eye or if BCVA is between 20/40 and 20/70 using both eyes, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction. [8]

  20/70 using both eyes [9]

  140° horizontally with two functional eyes, or 105° horizontally with one functional eye [9]

  20/40 using both eyes or 20/40 in one eye and 20/70 in other eye [10]

  20° in both eyes [11] [10]

  20/40 in one eye or both eyes [12] [13]

  20/40 using both eyes or 20/40 in at least one eye [14]

  140º of uninterrupted horizontal field using both eyes, however, if driver is blind in one eye, then the other eye must have a horizontal field of 100º [13] [14]

  20/50 in at least one eye [13] [15]

  If BCVA is between 20/40 and 20/50 in the better seeing eye, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction. [15]

  20/40 using either eye or both eyes [16]

  130º of uninterrupted horizontal field using both eyes [17]

  Driver may pass with restrictions if BCVA is 20/70 in one eye only if the other eye is at least 20/200. [16] [17]

  20/60 in at least one eye [18]

  140º horizontally using both eyes [18]

  20/40 in the better seeing eye [19]

  70º in each eye [20]

  An ability to differentiate traffic colors and signals is required. [20]

  20/40 in at least 1 eye [21]

  20/70 using both eyes [22]

  140º using both eyes, outside mirrors required on both sides of the vehicle if one eye has 70º temporally and 35º nasally [22]

  Outside mirrors required on both sides of vehicle if BCVA is 20/40 in only one eye, daylight driving only if BCVA is 20/41 to 20/70 in both eyes, Outside mirrors required on both sides of vehicle AND daylight driving only if BCVA is 20/41 to 20/70 in only one eye. [22]

  Bioptic telescopes are allowed if BCVA with telescopes is 20/40—telescopic licenses allow daylight driving only for the first year. [22] Night driving can be requested after 1 year of accident-free driving with telescopes. [22]

  20/50 in each eye [23]

  Outside mirrors are required if BCVA in one eye is at least 20/40 and BCVA in the other eye is less than 20/50. Outside mirrors and daylight driving only if BCVA is 20/50 in one eye and less than 20/70 in the other eye or if BCVA is at least 20/70 in each eye. [23]

  20/70 using both eyes [24]

  110º using both eyes or 100º in one eye [24]

  If BCVA is between 20/70 and 20/40 using both eyes, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction. [24]

  If visual field is less than 140º but better than 110º using both eyes or better than 100º using 1 eye, then outside mirrors are required on both sides of vehicle. [24]

  20/60 in at least 1 eye [25]

  110º using both eyes [25]

  An optometrist or ophthalmologist may suggest various restrictions or may suggest a drive test if driver does not meet BCVA or visual field requirements. [25]

  20/60 in at least 1 eye [26]

  While using both eyes, 35º to the left and right side of fixation and 25º degrees above and below fixation [26]

  20/70 in each eye [27]

  If BCVA is between 20/70 and 20/40 in either or both eyes, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction and is required to use a left outside rearview mirror. [27]

  20/100 in each eye [28]

  110º using either both eyes or one eye [28]

  If visual fields are less than 120º using both eyes or one eye, or less than 50º to the left, or less than 50º to the right of fixation, then an Esterman and/or road test is required. [28]

  20/70 in each eye or both eyes [29]

  110º using both eyes, with 35º lateral to midline of each side [29]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/70 and 20/100 require special handling by the MVA's Glen Burnie Headquarters. [29]

  20/70 in the better eye [30]

  120º using both eyes [30]

  If BCVA is between 20/70 and 20/50 in the better eye, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction. [30]

  20/70 using both eyes [31]

  90º using both eyes [31]

  If BCVA is between 20/70 and 20/50 using both eyes or if visual fields are between 90º to 110º, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction. [31]

  20/70 using one or both eyes [32]

  100º using one or both eyes [32]

  If BCVA is 20/50 or less, driver is subject to area, daylight, and speed restrictions. If visual field is between 100º and 105º, outside rearview mirrors are required on both sides of the vehicle. [32]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/80 and up to but not including 20/100 require special handling by the Driver Evaluation Unit. [32]

  20/70 using both eyes [13]

  170º using both eyes or 70º temporal and 35º nasal if using one eye [13]

  If BCVA is between 20/70 and 20/50 using both eyes, then the driver passes with daylight driving restriction and with speed restriction. [13]

  20/40 using both eyes [33] [34]

  55º in each eye or 85º using one eye [33] [34]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/40 and 20/160 are required to see a vision specialist before reattempting to pass the test. [33] [34]

  20/40 in each eye or both eyes together [35]

  If vision is worse than 20/40 in both eyes together but improvement is possible, the driver may be eligible for a license with corrective lens restrictions. [35]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/40 and 20/70 may pass with daylight driver restriction, 55 miles per hour (mph) on the interstate and 45 mph otherwise, and no driving during bad weather. [35]

  If the driver’s vision in one eye is below 20/40 but the other eye is 20/40 or better, the driver passes with “left outside mirror restriction” if there are no plans to correct the poorer eye. [35]

  If the driver’s vision in one eye is below 20/500 and the other is 20/40 or better, the driver passes with left outside mirror restriction. [35]

  20/60 in each eye or in both eyes together [36]

  140º using both eyes [36]

  The driver passes with a “right and left outside mirror” restriction if vision is 20/70 or worse in one eye and between 20/40 and 20/60 in the other eye, or if visual field is between 120º and 139º using both eyes. [36]

  The driver passes with a “daylight hours only” restriction if vision is 20/60 in both eyes, or 20/60 in one eye and 20/60 or worse but not blind in the other eye. [36]

  20/40 using both eyes [37]

  Drivers that need glasses or contact lenses to reach 20/40 pass with a “must wear corrective eye lens” restriction. [37]

  20/40 using both eyes or 20/30 with one eye [38] [39]

  If corrective lenses are required to reach 20/40, the driver passes with a “corrective lens required” restriction. [38]

  20/50 using at least one eye [40] [41]

  If corrective lenses are required to reach 20/50, the driver passes with a “must wear corrective lenses” restriction. [40]

  20/40 in the better eye [42]

  120º in the horizontal meridian with at least 30º in the nasal field of one eye [42]

  Drivers with vision between 20/50 and 20/80 may pass but with restrictions. [42]

  20/70 in either or both eyes [43]

  140º horizontal, binocular using both eyes [44]

  Drivers must not have visual acuity less than 20/100 through carrier lens in either or both eyes. [44]

  20/100 using both eyes or 20/70 if one eye is blind [45]

  60º using one eye or 30º on each side of the central point of fixation [45] [46]

  Drivers with vision correctable to 20/40 or better in one or both eyes pass with no restrictions. [46]

  Drivers with vision correctable to 20/70 pass with restriction to driving on roads with speed limit of 45 mph or less and no driving on interstate highways. [46]

  Drivers with vision correctable to 20/100 pass with “daylight hours” restriction, driving only on roads with speed limit of 45 mph or less, and no driving on interstate highways. [46]

  Drivers with homonymous hemianopsia are not allowed to drive. [46]

  20/80 in better eye if 20/100 in worse eye [47]

  105º using both eyes [47] [48]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/40 or less pass with an outside mirror requirement. [48]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/50 or less pass with restriction to daylight driving and a requirement of a vision recheck within the next 2 years. [48]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/70 in the better eye and between 20/80 and 20/100 in the worse eye require vision recheck within one year. [48]

  Better than 20/70 using both eyes [49]

  70º in each eye [50]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/50 and 20/70 using both eyes or 20/200 in either eye pass with daylight driver restriction. [49]

  20/100 in better eye [51]

  70º in the horizontal meridian [51]

  Drivers that pass the minimum vision requirement may be placed on restrictions including daylight driving only, speed limitations, or local driving only based on physician recommendations. [51]

  20/70 using both eyes or one eye [52]

  110º using both eyes [52]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/40 and 20/70 pass with daylight driving only restriction unless a licensed vision specialist disagrees with the restriction [52]

  Drivers that require corrective lenses to reach 20/70 are required to wear the corrective lenses while driving. [52]

  20/100 using both eyes [53]

  120º using both eyes in the horizontal meridian [53]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/70 and 20/100 using both eyes pass with daylight driving restriction. [53]

  20/40 using both eyes or 20/40 with one eye [54]

  115º using both eyes in the horizontal meridian or 40º nasally and 75º temporally using one eye [54]

  Drivers with at least 20/40 vision in one eye and no vision in the other eye pass with a requirement to have a rear vision mirror on the side of the blind eye. [54]

  Drivers with constant diplopia will not pass. [54]

  20/120 in better functioning eye [55]

  120º horizontal field using both eyes and 80º vertical using both eyes [55]

  70º temporally and 35º nasally using one eye [55]

  20/60 using both eyes [56]

  20/40 in better eye [57]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/60 in both eyes or either eye pass with restrictions that include area limitations. [57] When driving with bioptic telescopes, then 150º field is required using both eyes. [57] When driving without bioptic telescopes, there is no peripheral vision requirement.

  20/50 or better in one eye [58]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/70 may receive restrictions including daytime driving only, 45 mph limit, or another alternative restriction based on vision specialist recommendations. There is no peripheral vision requirement. [58]

  20/40 using both eyes [59]

  120º using both eyes [59]

  Drivers with BCVA worse than 20/40, a statement from the vision specialist is required and should state vision problem and specific driving restrictions. [59]

  Drivers older than 65 years of age are required to pass a vision test every 5 years. [59]

  20/40 with both eyes or one eye [60]

  60º temporal with both eyes or 60º temporal and nasal in one eye [60] [61]

  20/40 with both eyes or one eye [62]

  110º horizontal in both eyes [62]

  Drivers with partial hemianopic or quadrantopic defects pass if visual field in the unaffected eye is adequate and in the unaffected eye is 30º temporally with 15º above and below the horizontal line [62]

  Drivers with bitemporal hemianopsia pass if combined nasal visual field is at least 70º [62]

  20/40 using both eyes [63]

  110º in horizontal meridian with both eyes or one eye [63]

  Drivers with BCVA worse than 20/70 pass with daytime driving only restriction [64]

  Drivers with BCVA worse than 20/40 require reexamination by a vision specialist [64]

  20/60 using both eyes [65]

  Drivers with BCVA between 20/40 and 20/60 will be reviewed on a case by case basis [65]

  20/100 using one eye [66]

  20º from center in at least one eye [66]

  Drivers with BCVA worse than 20/40 or visual field worse than 70º may require vision specialist recommendation, driving skills test, or restrictions (daytime driving only, outside mirrors, restricted routes, etc.) [66]

  20/100 using both eyes [67]

  120º in the horizontal field using both eyes [67]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/50 or worse in one eye and 20/40 or better in the other eye pass with outside mirror restriction [67]

  Drivers with progressive disease in one eye with BCVA of at least 20/40 in the diseased eye pass with outside rearview mirror restriction [67]

  In addition to the states, several other areas belong to the United States:

  District of Columbia

  20/40 in better eye [68]

  140º using both eyes [68]

  Drivers with BCVA of at least 20/70 in the best eye pass if visual field is at least 140º [68]

  20/40 using both eyes or one eye [69]

  140º of horizontal vision using both eyes or 70º using one eye [69]

  Drivers with BCVA of 20/40 may receive restrictions including outside rear view mirror or requirement to wear corrective lenses while driving [69]

  20/40 using both eyes [70]

  U.S. Virgin Islands

  Driver must consider his/her own vision adequate for driving [71]

  Additional Resources

  Detailed information regarding bioptic driving laws can be found here: http://www.biopticdrivingusa.com/state-laws/

  References

  1. ↑ 1.01.11.2 Steinkuller PG. Legal Vision Requirements for Drivers in the United States. AMA Journal of Ethics. 2010;12(12):938-940.
  2. ↑ 2.02.12.2 National Institutes of Health. Low Vision. National Eye Institute. https://nei.nih.gov/eyedata/lowvision. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  3. ↑ Turbert, D. Causes of Low Vision. American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/low-vision-cause. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  4. ↑ Lovie-Kitchin JE. Validity and Reliability of Visual Acuity Measurements. Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 1988;8:363-370.
  5. ↑ 5.05.15.2 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Alabama. Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/Alabama.html. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  6. ↑ DMV.com. Senior Drivers in Alabama. DMV.com. https://www.dmv.com/al/alabama/senior-drivers. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.07.1 Alaska Department of Administration Division of Motor Vehicles. State of Alaska Driver Manual DMV. http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/dlmanual/dlman.pdf. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.2 Arizona Department of Transportation. Vision Examination Report. Arizona Department of Transportation. https://www.azdot.gov/docs/default-source/mvd-forms-pubs/32-4001.pdf?sfvrsn=8. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  9. ↑ 9.09.1 Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration. Driver Services. Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration. https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/driver-services/frequently-asked-questions/. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  10. ↑ 10.010.1 State of California Department of Motor Vehicles. Vision Standards. State of California Department of Motor Vehicles. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/b3f40cba-048e-46e8-ad95-25731b62256b/ffdl14.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  11. ↑ Vision Condition Action Chart. Department of Motor Vehicles. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/file/vision-conditions-and-actions-chart-pdf/. Accessed May 5, 2024.
  12. ↑ 12.012.1 DMV.com. Senior Drivers in Colorado. DMV.com. https://www.dmv.com/co/colorado/senior-drivers. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  13. ↑ 13.013.113.213.313.413.513.6 Low Vision Resource Center. State Vision Screening and Standards for License to Drive. Prevent Blindness. http://lowvision.preventblindness.org/daily-living-2/state-vision-screening-and-standards-for-license-to-drive/. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  14. ↑ 14.014.1 State of Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles. Driver’s Manual. State of Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles. http://www.ct.gov/dmv/lib/dmv/20/29/r12eng.pdf. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  15. ↑ 15.015.115.2 State of Delaware Department of Motor Vehicles. Driver Services. State of Delaware Department of Motor Vehicles. https://www.dmv.de.gov/services/driver_services/drivers_license/dr_lic_exam.shtml. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  16. ↑ 16.016.1 Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. General Information, Medical or Visual Problems. Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. https://www.flhsmv.gov/driver-licenses-id-cards/general-information/medical-visual-problems/. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  17. ↑ 17.017.1 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. Report of Eye Exam. Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. https://www.flhsmv.gov/pdf/forms/72010.pdf. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.018.1 Georgia Department of Driver Services. Senior Drivers. Georgia Department of Driver Services. https://dds.georgia.gov/senior-drivers. Accessed May 14, 2018.
  19. ↑ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Hawaii. Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/hawaii.html. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1 DMV.com. Senior Drivers in Hawaii. DMV.com. https://www.dmv.com/hi/hawaii/senior-drivers. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  21. ↑ 21.021.1 The Idaho Transportation Department. Idaho Driver’s Manual. Division of Motor Vehicles. https://itd.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/driver_manual.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.322.4 Esarey M. Vision Requirements for IL Drivers License Renewals. Illinois Optometric Association. https://www.ioaweb.org/page/VisionRequirements/Vision-Requirements-for-IL-Drivers-License-Renewals.htm. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  23. ↑ 23.023.123.2 The State of Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Vision Screening. The State of Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles. https://www.in.gov/bmv/2555.htm. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  24. ↑ 24.024.124.224.3 Iowa Department of Transportation. Iowa Driver’s Manual. Iowa Department of Transportation. https://iowadot.gov/mvd/driverslicense/dlmanual/dlmanual.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  25. ↑ 25.025.125.2 Kansas Division of Vehicles. Vision Form. Kansas Division of Vehicles. https://www.ksrevenue.org/pdf/visform.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  26. ↑ 26.026.1 Kentucky Legislative Research Committee. Medical Standards for Operators of Motor Vehicles. Kentucky Legislative Research Committee. http://www.lrc.ky.gov/kar/601/013/100.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  27. ↑ 27.027.127.2 Louisiana Department of Public Safety Office of Motor Vehicles. Issuance of Driver’s License Restrictions and Endorsements. Louisiana Department of Public Safety Office of Motor Vehicles. http://www.dps.louisiana.gov/omv1.nsf/58c968bd569b099986256cdc000806eb/10564241920020fc862564ae005125e9?OpenDocument. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  28. ↑ 28.028.128.2 Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Physical, Emotional, and Mental Competence to Operate a Motor Vehicle. Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles. https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/licenses/250c003.docx. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  29. ↑ 29.029.129.2 Maryland Department of Transportation. Driver’s License. Motor Vehicles Administration. http://www.mva.maryland.gov/drivers/vision-requirements/. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  30. ↑ 30.030.130.2 Massachusetts Registrar of Motor Vehicles. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Driver’s Manual Passenger Vehicles. Massachusetts Registrar of Motor Vehicles. https://www.massrmv.com/Portals/30/docs/dmanual/Drivers_Manual.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  31. ↑ 31.031.131.2 Michigan Department of State. Visual Standards for Motor Vehicles Drivers’ Licenses. Michigan Department of State. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/Vision_Standards_19484_7.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  32. ↑ 32.032.132.232.3 Minnesota Revisor of Statutes. Vision. Minnesota Revisor of Statutes. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/pdf/7410.2400/2014-01-18%2007:38:58+00:00. Accessed July 23, 2018.
  33. ↑ 33.033.133.2 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/Missouri.html. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  34. ↑ 34.034.134.2 Missouri Department of Revenue. Driver Guide. Missouri Department of Revenue. https://dor.mo.gov/pdf/Chapter2.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  35. ↑ 35.035.135.235.335.435.5 Corey Stapleton, Montana Secretary of State. Rule: 23.3.119 Vision Standards. Montana Secretary of State Corey Stapleton. http://www.mtrules.org. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  36. ↑ 36.036.136.236.3 Gale JA, Nebraska Secretary of State. Title 247. Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles. http://www.sos.ne.gov/rules-and-regs/regsearch/Rules/Motor_Vehicles_Dept_of/Title-247/Chapter-7.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  37. ↑ 37.037.137.2 Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles. Driver License Testing. Department of Motor Vehicles: Official Website of the State of Nevada. http://www.dmvnv.com/dltesting.htm. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  38. ↑ 38.038.138.2 New Hampshire Department of Safety. Testing Requirements. New Hampshire Department of Safety: Division of Motor Vehicles. https://www.nh.gov/safety/divisions/dmv/driver-licensing/apply/testing.htm. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  39. ↑ Barthelmes JJ, Bielecki EA. State of New Hampshire Department of Safety: Division of Motor Vehicles. NH.gov. https://www.nh.gov/index.htm. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  40. ↑ 40.040.1 New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. Vision Test. New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/license/visiontest.htm. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  41. ↑ 41.041.1 State of New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. Vision Screening Service. State of New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. https://www.njportal.com/mvc/visionscreening/Help.aspx. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  42. ↑ 42.042.142.2 New Mexico Taxation & Revenue Department, Motor Vehicle Division. Vision Report. NewMexico.gov. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=2ahUKEwiawtfQsNbcAhVo2oMKHTkqD38QFjAAegQIABAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Frealfile.tax.newmexico.gov%2Fmvd10124.pdf&usg=AOvVaw176SYcvCbc9kvYqrZtV13t. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  43. ↑ New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Vision Requirements and Restrictions. New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. https://dmv.ny.gov/driver-license/vision-requirements-restrictions. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  44. ↑ 44.044.1 New York Department of Motor Vehicles. Eye Test Report for Medical Unit Review. New York Department of Motor Vehicles. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjBnO2hs9bcAhWi5oMKHZw2BXoQFjAAegQIABAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdmv.ny.gov%2Fforms%2Fmv80l.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2tvykKboUmFttwkpNlR9WJ. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  45. ↑ 45.045.1 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/NCarolina.html. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  46. ↑ 46.046.146.246.346.4 North Carolina Society of Eye Physicians and Surgeons. Helpful Information for Patients: Vision Requirements for Driving Safety. NCSEPS. http://www.nceyemd.org/pages/patient_info.html. Accessed August 1, 2018.
  47. ↑ 47.047.1 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/NDakota.html. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  48. ↑ 48.048.148.248.3 North Dakota Legislative Branch. Article 37-08 Visual Requirements for Operators Licenses or Permits. Nd.gov Official Portal for North Dakota State Government. https://www.legis.nd.gov/information/acdata/pdf/37-08-01.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  49. ↑ 49.049.1 Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Minimum Visual Acuity Standards Chart. Ohio BMV. http://bmv.ohio.gov/links/bmv_Minimum-Visual-Acuity-Standards-Chart.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  50. ↑ Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Driver License & ID Card. Ohio BMV. http://bmv.ohio.gov/dl-restriction-vision.aspx. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  51. ↑ 51.051.151.2 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/Oklahoma.html. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  52. ↑ 52.052.152.252.3 Oregon Department of Transportation Driver and Motor Vehicle Services. Certificate of Vision. Oregon.gov. https://www.oregon.gov/odot/forms/dmv/24.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2018.
  53. ↑ 53.053.153.2 Pennsylvania Department of Aging. Low Vision Restricted Driver’s Licenses. Pennsylvania Department of Aging. https://www.aging.pa.gov/aging-services/transportation/Pages/Low-Vision-Restricted-Drivers-Licenses.aspx. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  54. ↑ 54.054.154.254.3 State of Rhode Island – Division of Motor Vehicles. Eye Exam Card. State of Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles: Department of Revenue. http://www.dmv.ri.gov/documents/forms/license/Eye_Exam_Card%20_3x5.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  55. ↑ 55.055.155.2 South Carolina General Assembly. Vision Requirements for Driver’s License. South Carolina Legislature. https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess120_2013-2014/bills/297.htm. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  56. ↑ 56.056.1 Wilkerson ME. Driving with a Visual Impairment. University of Iowa Health Care. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. https://medicine.uiowa.edu/eye/sites/medicine.uiowa.edu.eye/files/wysiwyg_uploads/Driving%20with%20a%20Visual%20Impairment.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  57. ↑ 57.057.157.2 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/Tennessee.html. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  58. ↑ 58.058.158.2 Texas Administrative Code Title 37. Part 1. Chapter 15. Subchapter C: Examination Requirements. https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=37&pt=1&ch=15&rl=51. Accessed June 5, 2024.
  59. ↑ 59.059.159.259.3 Utah Department of Public Safety. Licensing/Permits/ID Cards. Utah Department of Public Safety. https://dld.utah.gov/licensingid-cards/. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  60. ↑ 60.060.1 Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles: Agency of Transportation. Eye Standards for Operating a Motor Vehicle. Vermont Official State Website. http://dmv.vermont.gov/enforcement-and-safety/laws/administrative-rules/eye-standards-for-operating-a-motor-vehicle. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  61. ↑ Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles: Agency of Transportation. Driver Eyesight Evaluation. http://dmv.vermont.gov/sites/dmv/files/documents/VS-017-Driver_Eyesight_Evaluation.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  62. ↑ 62.062.162.262.3 Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles. Customer Vision Report. Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles Now. https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/webdoc/pdf/med4.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  63. ↑ 63.063.1 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/Washington.html. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  64. ↑ 64.064.1 Washington State Legislature. Vision Test. Washington State Legislature. http://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-104-010. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  65. ↑ 65.065.165.2 American Medical Association. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/olderdriversbook/pages/WVirginia.html. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  66. ↑ 66.066.166.2 State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Driver License Vision Standards. Wisconsin.gov. https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/license-drvs/rnew-and-chge/vision-standards.aspx. Accessed August 3, 2018.
  67. ↑ 67.067.167.267.3 Wyoming Department of Transportation. Statement of Reasons: Motor Vehicles and Licensing Section. The State of Wyoming Legislature. http://www.wyoleg.gov/ARules/2012%20Emergency%20Rules%20-%20PDF/ERR12-012.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2018.
  68. ↑ 68.068.168.2 District of Columbia Department of Motor Vehicles. Vision Screening. DC.gov. https://dmv.dc.gov/service/screening-vision. Accessed August 4, 2018.
  69. ↑ 69.069.169.2 Government of Guam Department of Revenue and Taxation. Out-of-Guam Driver’s License Application. GovGuamDocs. https://www.govguamdocs.com/revtax/docs/Off-islandRenewalApplication.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2018.
  70. ↑ 70.070.1 American Samoa Bar Association. Title 22 – Highways and Motor Vehicles. American Samoa Bar Association. http://www.asbar.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=582&Itemid=172. Accessed August 4, 2018.
  71. ↑ Government of the Virgin Islands. Road Traffic (Motor Vehicle Registration and Operation, and Driver and Vehicle Licensing) Regulations, 2009: Arrangement of Regulations. Government of the Virgin Islands. http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/resources/G00222_SI%20No%2029%20~%20Road%20Traffic%20%28Motor%20Vehicle%20Registration%20and%20Operation%20and%20Driver%20and%20Vehicle%20Licensing%29%20Regulations%202009.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2018.
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